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Bait
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Group I
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Group II
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Group III
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Group IV
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Diatoms cultured with Ulva
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Ulva powder
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Diatoms cultured without carrier
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Commercial bait
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Survival rate (SR, %)
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98.88 ± 0.37
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95.55 ± 0.75
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98.88 ± 0.46
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97.78 ± 0.44
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Final weight (Wt, g)
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15.23 ± 1.12a
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8.06 ± 0.95c
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15.56 ± 1.23a
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11.01 ± 1.03b
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Weight growth rate (WGR, %)
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144.67 ± 7.76a
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61.24 ± 8.10c
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151.21 ± 7.54a
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100.22 ± 7.94b
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Special growth rate (SGR; % d-1)
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1.49 ± 0.09a
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0.80 ± 0.08c
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1.54 ± 0.11a
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1.16 ± 0.12b
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Feed efficiency (FE, %)
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85.32 ± 6.42a
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43.25 ± 4.35c
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87.65 ± 7.15a
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78.64 ± 6.54b
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Ratio of visceral weight to body wall weight (VBR, %)
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17.52 ± 0.93
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19.34 ± 1.12
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17.44 ± 0.87
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18.15 ± 1.02
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Ratio of intestine weight to body wall weight (IBR, %)
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4.15 ± 0.21
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5.03 ± 0.33a
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4.16 ± 0.25
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4.32 ± 0.19
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Ratio of intestine length to body length (IB, %)
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4.27 ± 0.15
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5.33 ± 0.17a
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4.25 ± 0.11
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4.37 ± 0.16
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- In the same row, values with the same superscripts or no superscripts are not significantly different (p > 0.05), while distinct superscripts signify significant differences between values (p < 0.05)
